At one time or another, we have all walked into a car rental office and met with one of the counter staff on a mission to hard sell insurance. It’s like a knee-jerk reaction. See customer, sell additional insurance. The most common add-on is called loss damage waiver (LDW) and that can seriously boost your daily rate. So what is this mystery product and should we think about buying it? Well, let’s start off with a few of the basics. LDW is a kind of get-out-of-jail-free card, covering you if you put a dent in the body work or run the car off a cliff. No matter what happens, you’re off the financial hook. Most people own a vehicle of their own, have an insurance policy, and work on the basis this will cover them when driving a rental. But the $64,000 question is what cover you carry over. Let’s start with the deductibles. To get the lowest possible premium on the regular policy, most people opt for the highest deductible. They reckon they are careful drivers and can afford to self-insure the first $1,000 of any damage. Except this does not quite square with the pricing policies of rental companies. Most seem to have in-house body shops paying top rate for repair personnel or use the most expensive independents. Although you might buy the cheapest possible replacement parts, your bill from the rental company will come in at the top end of expectations and add on the much-feared “loss of use” charge. This is their estimate of the daily loss of profit caused by not having the car available for rent. And, guess what. The rental company does not feel under any pressure to get the car back on the road. Suddenly, your deductible has gone and you find your own policy does not cover the loss of use charge.

But you’re still not panicking because you remember your credit card company offers some kind of back-up insurance. Now’s the time to read all that small print, i.e. before you rent the car. The terms often fall into the so-called secondary insurance market. In theory, this covers you for those heads of claim not covered by your own car insurance. Except the world never seems to work out quite the way you expect. What works on the Gold and Platinum cards may not work on others.

Auto insurance is never an exact science but there are one or two simple rules. If you are only renting for one or two days, it’s probably better to buy the LDW because any claim you make does not show up on your own policy and you avoid any premium hike. But there comes a point when the daily rate is too big a hit. Now you are gambling you will not have an accident that takes the rental car off the road for a long time. The reality is the daily rate for loss of use probably will not fall under your own auto insurance and may not fall under the credit card secondary cover. So just make sure you only have minor accidents.

The myth put about by men is that they are the superior gender when it comes to driving. Every comedian peddles the same jokes like the woman who backed her car out of the garage one morning completely forgetting shed backed it in the night before. Its the usual sexism with men trying to cover up their own inadequacies. Although, truth be told, men may have better spacial awareness so they may have a slight edge when it comes to keeping the vehicle going in a straight line. But, looking at the international statistics, men are three times more likely to die in traffic accidents than women. Why is this? Well, lets start with the general statistics supplied by police forces. Women are more law-abiding. When it comes to speeding, reckless driving and driving while under the influence of alcohol and drugs, theres no competition. Men are in a class of their own. Spatial awareness or not, men drive faster and take less care. Perhaps they do have better control over the cars they drive, but they have less control over themselves. Women are more cautious, driving more slowly and with a greater sense that, with one mistake, they could die.

So, even if we start off with the assumption that men and women will have the same number of accidents, men are more at risk because they drive faster. Particularly when young, men collide with other vehicles and drive into walls, trees and anything else that jumps out in front of them. Their speed means they do more damage to the vehicles, the people in the vehicles and whatever else they hit. Women traveling at slower speeds are less likely to injure themselves or others. So, crash for crash, women cost insurance companies less. Now add in two other factors. Men like to drive the faster, sporty cars. Women buy cheaper, more conservative cars that are less expensive to repair. Finally, women do not drive the same mileage. Men will think nothing of jumping in the car and driving across the state. Driving is enjoyable. Women tend to stay local or use public transport over distances. The more miles a year someone drives, the greater the chances of an accident.

Put all this together and an interesting fact emerges. When the auto insurance company assesses risk, women have less chance of being in an accident. If they are in an accident, its likely to cost the company less money. So, because the cost of all the losses is averaged between everyone in the same class, women pay a lower premium than men. It may not be fair but, with men being far more dangerous, its only fair they should pay more. Men might ask what they can do about this. The answer could not be more simple. From the very first day they start to drive, they have to drive like women. If, over the years, they build up a record with no traffic citations for speeding, driving only when necessary in less powerful cars, their premiums will fall. It may be less fun but the premiums for the auto insurance will grow ever smaller.

With the price of gas rising, more people driving hummers are finding visits to fill the tank an expensive business. It’s tempting to think of trading in the guzzler and buying a hybrid. A Toyota Prius, for example, will give you not less than 45 miles per gallon – drive it carefully and you’ll do a lot better.

Better still some of the hybrids qualify for a federal tax incentive. The government may talk big about drilling for oil but encouraging people to buy fuel-efficient cars is a good first step to reducing America’s dependence of foreign oil. Check out your own state. Many are also offering a range of incentives to reduce tolls, the cost of parking, and so on. When you add up the savings on gas and in taxes and charges, a hybrid can look a good deal. Auto insurance companies are encouraging the trend with discounts of up to 10%, although the actual discount depends on the type of hybrid you buy. As with all auto insurance, you need to shop around and get as many online quotes as possible before buying.

But before you start looking round the showrooms, take a deep breath. That Hummer (large SUV or RV) is losing its value fast. The secondhand market has collapsed because only a very few buyers want to take on those gas costs. You’ll get only a fraction of its value if you trade it in now. So that new hybrid suddenly got a lot more expensive. You’ll need a much bigger loan which may be difficult to get at a good rate of interest because of the credit crunch. Once you add in the loss of capital tied up in your Hummer and the increase in borrowing costs, your payback period just got so much longer.

Payback period? If you’re buying to make a saving, this is the time it takes for you to realize the saving. In this case, you are probably better holding on to the Hummer. The premiums will fall because the replacement costs are lower on a comprehensive policy. Traffic accidents are less dangerous in something built like a Sherman Tank. Some of the smaller hybrids crumple up in an accident. So don’t despair on the auto insurance front. It really may made better economic sense to keep the guzzler than change to a hybrid.

There’s a sobering saying, “The female of the species is more deadly than the male.” It first surfaced in a poem by Rudyard Kipling and achieved international recognition through the “shock shock horror” song by Space. Taken literally when applied to humanity, it suggests women are more likely to kill you than men. Except, when it comes to driving, this is almost certainly not true. Talk to the average male driver and they will pour scorn on women, telling tall stories about dangerous behavior on the roads. Yet this sexist view is not supported by the accident statistics. When you add up all the numbers from around the world, men are three times more likely to die on the roads than women. The truth seems to be that men may have better spatial awareness and so slightly better control of their vehicles. But women have better self-control which makes them safer drivers. The result in the gender stakes is that men, particularly when young, are more reckless than women, driving faster with less attention.

Let’s put the big picture together. For now, we’ll assume that women are as good as male drivers and both sexes have the same number of accidents. The cars driven by women will be traveling more slowly when they collide. That means there will be less impact and so a reduced risk of injuries. Now add in the fact that women tend to be driving less expensive cars and the total loss of damage to the vehicles and injuries to the people inside will always be lower. The rest of the statistics from law enforcement complete the picture. When it comes to tickets issued and convictions, women are rarely caught exceeding the speed limit, do not drive recklessly and are less likely to drive while drunk or incapacitated by drugs. Finally, men love their cars and prefer to drive them over long distances, unlike women who make shorter commuter journeys and take the plane or train over longer distances.

This means lower premiums for women drivers. They are more careful, have fewer accidents and cause less damage. Men are less likely to obey the law, and more likely to be injured and cause injuries. Car insurance premiums are therefore significantly higher for younger male drivers and, on average, higher than the equivalent female drivers over their lifetimes. So, when women go online to use the search engines for the best insurance rates, they are likely to be pleasantly surprised. The only strategy that men can adopt is to build up a trouble-free driving record over time. Savings will also flow from buying cheaper, less powerful cars and driving them less. Accepting mileage restrictions saves dollars on auto insurance premiums. In fact, men save money when they drive like women.

Life has been good to everyone growing up over the last twenty years. There’s an expectation you can get whatever you want. So when your kids went through the admission process for your local college, they probably looked at the question about health insurance and ticked the box that said your family plan continued cover. They never gave it a second thought. Melanie was such a student.

“I remember asking my Dad and he said, so long as I was in school full-time and under 25, I was OK.” But it turned out Dad hadn’t read the small print. The policy had a term requiring the children to leave their parent’s policy when they graduated from high school. The company had a special policy for health insurance for college students.

“So there I was trying out for the cheerleaders. Going for a big move, I slipped and fell awkwardly. Twisted my knee real bad. Not being like the girl in Heroes, that meant an ambulance to the emergency room. Called my Dad on the way. He came over only expecting health problems. Turns out, he had to pay for all the treatment on his credit card.“

Melanie’s knee made a full recovery, but the family’s still feeling the pain of the unexpected debt. The moral of this story? Always check your existing policy. Most of the colleges and universities either have their own medical insurance policies or can point you in the right direction if your children are going to be without cover. Don’t be taken by surprise. Shop around for medical insurance on the internet. There are many economical policies aimed at the student market both for university and doctoral courses that can take some of the worry off your shoulders when they leave the nest and go live on campus.